(As a part of our Urban Energy Management Program : Exerpt from the Annual Report of PCRA, 2003-2004)
Community laundry in Women's hostel, operated by physically challenged girls
Conservation of natural resources like water is as important as conservation of energy. The community laundry is one of the ways of conserving both water & electricity. Conservation of water through community washing is in line with PCRA’s mandate.
PCRA is promoting the system of community laundry as a conservation measure through its infotainment programs “Boond Boond Ki Baat” and “Khel Khel Main Dadlo Duniya”. A four minutes clip on good practices includes:
Ų Methods of conservation of water, energy, detergent and time
Ų Employment opportunities
During 2003-04, PCRA introduced the community laundry concept as part of Urban Energy Management in the state of Orissa for which initiative was taken by M/s. Mahila Vikas Samabaya Nigam (Govt. of Orissa Undertaking). They installed 6 launderettes out of 10 sponsored in different women hostels with 50% contribution from PCRA.
Awareness programs/ workshops on energy conservation & environment protection were organized for ten days w.e.f. 28-04-04 in which 40 physically challenged women, along with hostel boarders, took part to make the scheme more effective & efficient. It helped in building confidence among physically challenged women who were trained to run the units at the following locations:
1. Nivedita Working Women’s Hostel - one unit
2. Ramadevi Women’s College - one unit
3. Mancheswar Working Women’s Hostel - one unit
4. Utkal University Campus, ladies hostels - 3 units
The Nigam has put up separate submeter at each location and water consumption on the basis of water tank capacity.
The scheme evolved as follows:
Ų PCRA received proposal from M/s. Mahila Vikas Samabaya Nigam, Orissa vide their letter ref. No.399 dated 30-01-04
Ų Proposal was put up for management approval vide note dated 25-02-04.
Ų Proposal got concurred and approved on 11-03-04.
Ų Approval was intimated to Managing Director M/s. Mahila Vikas Samabaya Nigam, Orissa vide PCRA letter ref. No. PCRA/Launderette dated 15-03-04.
Saturday, November 3, 2007
on development of bio fuels in the country.
08.07.04
Sub: Inclusion of PCRA in the committee of Planning Commission on development of bio fuels in the country.
PCRA, as a registered society under Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas, was created around twenty-five years back, to formulate strategies and to promote measures for accelerating conservation of petroleum products. One of its main objectives is to support and facilitate efforts for adoption and dissemination of fuel-efficient technologies and substitution of petroleum products with alternate and renewable fuels.
Bio-diesel is also a renewable fuel made from edible or non-edible vegetable oil and has been proved to be good substitute for petroleum diesel. Planning Commission has also formed a committee on development of bio fuels in the country. It has also published a report of this committee in April’03. In the composition of the committee; PCRA’s name has not been included through it has been contributing enormously towards the activities for development of bio fuels.
PCRA has undertaken several innovative activities for spreading mass awareness, developing mass contacts and effectively interacting with them. The extensive reach of PCRA has been utilised for spreading awareness & promoting use of bio fuels as an alternate to petro-fuels for conservation of petroleum products.
Some of such activities are as under:
1. Seminars (sponsored and attended):
a. Co-sponsored a Seminar on Bio-fuels during September 18-19, 2002. This was inaugurated by Union Minister of Petroleum & Natural Gas at India Habitat Center.
b. Attended an International Workshop on Bio-fuels organized by Winrock International during May 19 -20,2003 at Hotel Le Meridien.
2. Conception, production & telecast of 30 minute edutainment TV Serial ‘Khel Khel Mein Badlo Duniya” at DD-1 on every Sunday from 2:00 to 2:30 PM. 53 episode have already been telecast & another 77 are planned. Topics related to bio-fuels have been extensively covered.
3. Conception, production & broadcast of weekly infotainment programme “Boond Boond ki Baat” at AIR FM GOLD on every Monday from 9:00 to 10:00 AM. This is also being repeat-broadcast in 6 different languages on 37 Radio Stations.
4. Bringing out a monthly magazine “Sanrakshan Chetna” (in Hindi & other regional languages) with editorial by ED PCRA. An issue (March’04) has been dedicated to bio-fuel in India apart from regular coverage of it.
5. Bringing out Quarterly Technical Journal “Active Conservation Technique” with editorial from ED PCRA. One of the issues (April-June’04) has been dedicated to bio-fuels apart from regular coverage.
6. Conception, Designing & printing of two brochures on Bio-diesel; one in Hindi and other in English.
7. Holding Kisan Melas, Exhibitions, seminars / technical meets, Driver Training Programmes, Emission Awareness programmes etc. These fora are being used for spreading awareness among masses on bio fuels.
8. We have also been promoting R&D in bio-fuels by sponsoring related projects on reputed R&D institutes of India. Some of such projects are:
a. Development of petrol-alcohol-water micro-emulsion fuel as a substitute for petrol and ethanol-blended petrol. It has been sponsored on IIT, Delhi.
b. Production of Biogas from non edible seeds as alternative to LPG/Kerosene. It has been sponsored on Shivsadan Renewable Energy Research Institute, Sangli.
9. Apart from these activities; we have developed institutional linkages with Delhi College of Engineering, which has developed simple technology & equipment for production & esterification of bio-diesel at small and large scale. This technical know-how is being spread to small farmers.
10. We have also initiated a program for development of bio-fuels at small scale through the participation of Self Help Groups. In this program; technical know-how for bio-diesel production & esterifications will be provided by experts from Delhi College of Engineering to 20 women of an SHG from Orissa through the initiatives & cooperation by PCRA.
Some CDs & few issue of magazines developed, screened & extensively distributed by PCRA are also enclosed for your appreciation.
PCRA wants to tell the farmers at large, that bio-diesel production is easy & profitable. For this, we have shot many films on production & usage of bio-diesel by small farmers. These films would be extensively screened in our campaign programs and also in our TV programs to instil a feeling of belongingness & capacity building among farmers. Films provide details on methodology & economics of Jatropha cultivation, oil extraction & its multiple usage.
As can been seen from above, PCRA has very extensive & all pervasive reach among masses which, in fact covers all section of fuel users. We understand that to convert the bio-diesel program at National level into a success story, people’s participation is imperative.
In view of wide spread reach of PCRA with the masses, which is being successfully exploited, we feel that PCRA can significantly contribute for the development of bio-fuels in the country. If PCRA is also taken in this committee for development of bio-fuels formed by Planning Commission, the reach of PCRA can bring substantial results.
It is therefore requested that PCRA should also be included in the committee of Planning Commission on development of bio fuels.
With regards,
(Leena Mehendale)
Encl : As above
Shri Dina Nath Tiwari
Member, Planning Commission
Yojana Bhawan
Parliament Street
New Delhi – 110 001
Copy to:
Addl. Secretary,
Ministry of Petroleum & Natural Gas
Shastri Bhawan, 2nd Floor
New Delhi – 110 001
ENCLOSURES
1. CDs of following episodes of TV programs.
Sl. No Title Date of telecast
1. Bio-gas Jul 13, 03
2. Bio-diesel Sept 28, 03
2. CDs of following episodes of Radio Programs.
Sl No. Title Date of broadcast Expert
1. Bio-fuel and Bio-gas Feb 24, 03 Sh. S. Behuria CMD, BPCL
2. Bio-mass and Gasifier Oct 06, 03 Sh. JBS Giridhar, Dir (Biomass), MNES
3. Energy from Wastes Nov 03, 03 Sh. A. K. Singhal, Dir (Energy), MNES
4. Energy Conservation in Agriculture Sector Dec 22, 03 Dr. Pitam Chandra, Addl. Dir. ICAR
5. PCRA’s activities in Agriculture Sectors June 23, 03 Prof. P.P. Parikh, Prof. Mechanical Engg. Deptt., IIT, Mumbai
6. Jatropha & Bio-diesel May 17, 04 Dr. Prakash Kumar, ED, NOSVO Board, Gurgaon.
3. Copies of following issue of monthly Hindi magazine.
Sl No. Topic Issue
1 Use of Ethanol - “The need of the hour” December, 02
2 Bio-diesel and Indian Railways March, 03
3 Bio-diesel can change India April, 03
4 Ethanol import to Maharashtra June, 03
5 Planning for Jatropha Plantation Sept, 03
6 Bio-diesel from Jatropha October, 03
7 Bio-diesel from Rapeseed November, 03
8. Uses of Bio-gas December’ 04
9. 2004 – Year of Bio-trade February’ 04
10. Bio-diesel – Journey from Green, White to Black Revolution March’ 04
4. Copies of following issue of Quarterly Technical Journal.
Sl No Topic Issue
1. Substituting Fossil Fuel by bio-gas Oct – Dec, 2003
2. Usage spectrum of Jatropha plantations in India Jan – Mar, 2003
3. Bio-fuels - the beginning of a new revolution Apr-June’ 04
5. Following brochures on Bio-diesel.
1. One brochure in Hindi
2. One brochure in English
Sub: Inclusion of PCRA in the committee of Planning Commission on development of bio fuels in the country.
PCRA, as a registered society under Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas, was created around twenty-five years back, to formulate strategies and to promote measures for accelerating conservation of petroleum products. One of its main objectives is to support and facilitate efforts for adoption and dissemination of fuel-efficient technologies and substitution of petroleum products with alternate and renewable fuels.
Bio-diesel is also a renewable fuel made from edible or non-edible vegetable oil and has been proved to be good substitute for petroleum diesel. Planning Commission has also formed a committee on development of bio fuels in the country. It has also published a report of this committee in April’03. In the composition of the committee; PCRA’s name has not been included through it has been contributing enormously towards the activities for development of bio fuels.
PCRA has undertaken several innovative activities for spreading mass awareness, developing mass contacts and effectively interacting with them. The extensive reach of PCRA has been utilised for spreading awareness & promoting use of bio fuels as an alternate to petro-fuels for conservation of petroleum products.
Some of such activities are as under:
1. Seminars (sponsored and attended):
a. Co-sponsored a Seminar on Bio-fuels during September 18-19, 2002. This was inaugurated by Union Minister of Petroleum & Natural Gas at India Habitat Center.
b. Attended an International Workshop on Bio-fuels organized by Winrock International during May 19 -20,2003 at Hotel Le Meridien.
2. Conception, production & telecast of 30 minute edutainment TV Serial ‘Khel Khel Mein Badlo Duniya” at DD-1 on every Sunday from 2:00 to 2:30 PM. 53 episode have already been telecast & another 77 are planned. Topics related to bio-fuels have been extensively covered.
3. Conception, production & broadcast of weekly infotainment programme “Boond Boond ki Baat” at AIR FM GOLD on every Monday from 9:00 to 10:00 AM. This is also being repeat-broadcast in 6 different languages on 37 Radio Stations.
4. Bringing out a monthly magazine “Sanrakshan Chetna” (in Hindi & other regional languages) with editorial by ED PCRA. An issue (March’04) has been dedicated to bio-fuel in India apart from regular coverage of it.
5. Bringing out Quarterly Technical Journal “Active Conservation Technique” with editorial from ED PCRA. One of the issues (April-June’04) has been dedicated to bio-fuels apart from regular coverage.
6. Conception, Designing & printing of two brochures on Bio-diesel; one in Hindi and other in English.
7. Holding Kisan Melas, Exhibitions, seminars / technical meets, Driver Training Programmes, Emission Awareness programmes etc. These fora are being used for spreading awareness among masses on bio fuels.
8. We have also been promoting R&D in bio-fuels by sponsoring related projects on reputed R&D institutes of India. Some of such projects are:
a. Development of petrol-alcohol-water micro-emulsion fuel as a substitute for petrol and ethanol-blended petrol. It has been sponsored on IIT, Delhi.
b. Production of Biogas from non edible seeds as alternative to LPG/Kerosene. It has been sponsored on Shivsadan Renewable Energy Research Institute, Sangli.
9. Apart from these activities; we have developed institutional linkages with Delhi College of Engineering, which has developed simple technology & equipment for production & esterification of bio-diesel at small and large scale. This technical know-how is being spread to small farmers.
10. We have also initiated a program for development of bio-fuels at small scale through the participation of Self Help Groups. In this program; technical know-how for bio-diesel production & esterifications will be provided by experts from Delhi College of Engineering to 20 women of an SHG from Orissa through the initiatives & cooperation by PCRA.
Some CDs & few issue of magazines developed, screened & extensively distributed by PCRA are also enclosed for your appreciation.
PCRA wants to tell the farmers at large, that bio-diesel production is easy & profitable. For this, we have shot many films on production & usage of bio-diesel by small farmers. These films would be extensively screened in our campaign programs and also in our TV programs to instil a feeling of belongingness & capacity building among farmers. Films provide details on methodology & economics of Jatropha cultivation, oil extraction & its multiple usage.
As can been seen from above, PCRA has very extensive & all pervasive reach among masses which, in fact covers all section of fuel users. We understand that to convert the bio-diesel program at National level into a success story, people’s participation is imperative.
In view of wide spread reach of PCRA with the masses, which is being successfully exploited, we feel that PCRA can significantly contribute for the development of bio-fuels in the country. If PCRA is also taken in this committee for development of bio-fuels formed by Planning Commission, the reach of PCRA can bring substantial results.
It is therefore requested that PCRA should also be included in the committee of Planning Commission on development of bio fuels.
With regards,
(Leena Mehendale)
Encl : As above
Shri Dina Nath Tiwari
Member, Planning Commission
Yojana Bhawan
Parliament Street
New Delhi – 110 001
Copy to:
Addl. Secretary,
Ministry of Petroleum & Natural Gas
Shastri Bhawan, 2nd Floor
New Delhi – 110 001
ENCLOSURES
1. CDs of following episodes of TV programs.
Sl. No Title Date of telecast
1. Bio-gas Jul 13, 03
2. Bio-diesel Sept 28, 03
2. CDs of following episodes of Radio Programs.
Sl No. Title Date of broadcast Expert
1. Bio-fuel and Bio-gas Feb 24, 03 Sh. S. Behuria CMD, BPCL
2. Bio-mass and Gasifier Oct 06, 03 Sh. JBS Giridhar, Dir (Biomass), MNES
3. Energy from Wastes Nov 03, 03 Sh. A. K. Singhal, Dir (Energy), MNES
4. Energy Conservation in Agriculture Sector Dec 22, 03 Dr. Pitam Chandra, Addl. Dir. ICAR
5. PCRA’s activities in Agriculture Sectors June 23, 03 Prof. P.P. Parikh, Prof. Mechanical Engg. Deptt., IIT, Mumbai
6. Jatropha & Bio-diesel May 17, 04 Dr. Prakash Kumar, ED, NOSVO Board, Gurgaon.
3. Copies of following issue of monthly Hindi magazine.
Sl No. Topic Issue
1 Use of Ethanol - “The need of the hour” December, 02
2 Bio-diesel and Indian Railways March, 03
3 Bio-diesel can change India April, 03
4 Ethanol import to Maharashtra June, 03
5 Planning for Jatropha Plantation Sept, 03
6 Bio-diesel from Jatropha October, 03
7 Bio-diesel from Rapeseed November, 03
8. Uses of Bio-gas December’ 04
9. 2004 – Year of Bio-trade February’ 04
10. Bio-diesel – Journey from Green, White to Black Revolution March’ 04
4. Copies of following issue of Quarterly Technical Journal.
Sl No Topic Issue
1. Substituting Fossil Fuel by bio-gas Oct – Dec, 2003
2. Usage spectrum of Jatropha plantations in India Jan – Mar, 2003
3. Bio-fuels - the beginning of a new revolution Apr-June’ 04
5. Following brochures on Bio-diesel.
1. One brochure in Hindi
2. One brochure in English
Tertiary sector of industry
Tertiary sector of industry (incomplete)
The tertiary sector of industry is also known as the service industry.
It involves the provision of services to other businesses or people.
Services may involve the transport, distribution and sale of goods from producer to a consumer as may happen in wholesaling and retailing, or may involve the provision of a service, such as in tourism or entertainment. The goods may be transformed in the process of providing the service, as happens in the restaurant industry. There may not even be any goods involved, as in the sex industry. However the focus is on people interacting with people and serving the customer rather than transforming goods. It sector includes all types of services ranging from lawyers and consultantss to your local hairdresser (tourism is also a major branch).
For the last 20 years there has been a substantial shift from the other two industry sectors to the Tertiary Sector in industrialised countries.
· Franchising
· Restaurants
· Retailing
· Entertainment, Record industry, Music industry,
Radio, Television and Movies.
· News media
· Leisure industry
Public utilities are often considered part of the tertiary sector as
They provide services to people, while the creating the utility's
Infrastructure is often considered part of the secondary sector, even thought the same business may be involved in both aspects of the operation.
The tertiary sector of industry is also known as the service industry.
It involves the provision of services to other businesses or people.
Services may involve the transport, distribution and sale of goods from producer to a consumer as may happen in wholesaling and retailing, or may involve the provision of a service, such as in tourism or entertainment. The goods may be transformed in the process of providing the service, as happens in the restaurant industry. There may not even be any goods involved, as in the sex industry. However the focus is on people interacting with people and serving the customer rather than transforming goods. It sector includes all types of services ranging from lawyers and consultantss to your local hairdresser (tourism is also a major branch).
For the last 20 years there has been a substantial shift from the other two industry sectors to the Tertiary Sector in industrialised countries.
· Franchising
· Restaurants
· Retailing
· Entertainment, Record industry, Music industry,
Radio, Television and Movies.
· News media
· Leisure industry
Public utilities are often considered part of the tertiary sector as
They provide services to people, while the creating the utility's
Infrastructure is often considered part of the secondary sector, even thought the same business may be involved in both aspects of the operation.
Road Traffic and Infrastructure Management
15.7.04
Road Traffic and Infrastructure Management
In India about 100 MT of oil products are used annually as fuel. About 2/3rd of oil requirement of the country is met by imports at a staggering cost of about Rs. 80,000 crores. 50% of petroleum products are used in transport sector. It’s therefore absolutely essential that not a drop of oil be wasted.
CRRI Study:
With the ultimate aim of reduction of fuel loss on roads, in the year-1996, PCRA entrusted to Central Road Research Institute (CRRI) conduct of a study on the loss of petroleum products due to idling of vehicles at road intersections in Delhi. The study revealed that around three lakh litres of petrol and one lakh litres of diesel get wasted at 466 intersections in Delhi.
As a result of follow up of this study sponsored by PCRA; reverse timers at certain traffic intersections in Delhi were installed. These timers help the drivers to take decision about switching off engines at red light. Apart from this; study also recommended for adequate provisions of free left turns; synchronization of traffic signals, optimization of signal cycle timings and construction of flyovers at high volume and priority intersections. Several of these recommendation have been implemented.
This study, gave some new directions for better traffic management in Delhi. In fact, this study has been referred to several times in different meetings, seminars and workshops etc. of Govt. of India and other organizations.
Since 1996, volume of traffic has increased many times. Congestion on roads has increased many folds. Several spots have become almost dead spots for traffic, that is, once a vehicle is into it, it is difficult to predict when it will be able to travel out of it & after wasting how much of fuel. Vehicle technology has also undergone substantial change.
Hence, it is considered imperative to conduct such study afresh. In 2003-04, PCRA has sponsored two projects on CRRI to study the traffic pattern and fuel loss due to traffic jams and idling of vehicles in Delhi & in and around highly congested area of Paharganj in Delhi. Area around Paharganj is representative of many such congested spots in Delhi. CRRI has been asked to work out & suggest short term as well as long-term remedial measures to counter the problem. Before putting down final suggestions for easy traffic flow; CRRI as a part of project shall look into ongoing projects in-place e.g. by MRTC, PWD and MCD etc. so that the recommendations are in synergy with other agencies working in this direction. To achieve this synergy; PCRA called a joint meeting of MCD, DDA, CRRI, PWD, and Delhi Traffic Police in March, 2004 so as to exchange information, views & suggestions to make studies by CRRI more useful & implementable.
Transport Advisory Committee
In 2003-04 PCRA constituted an Advisory Committee on Transport Sector to review latest developments in transport sector, explore possible potential areas of fuel savings and draw out action plan for PCRA to facilitate the possible saving; The committee consists senior officials from Ministry of Surface Transport, Automobile Associations, Pollution Control Boards, Engineering colleges, Oil companies & Research Organizations. In its first meeting in Sept. 03, the issues related to Rapid Mass Transport System, Efficiency Improvement of vehicles, development of subways, flyovers, bypasses, expressways, carpooling, pollution due to vehicular emissions were discussed & action plan was worked out. This committee will help PCRA to work in synergy with other organizations.
Project on IIT, Delhi
In 2003-04; PCRA also sponsored a project on IIT, Delhi for usage of waste plastic in bitumen by emulsion formation. Emulsion of waste plastic & bitumen would result into more durable roads. This would be a cold process & thus pollution free & accident free. It would also save petroleum products & help in waste disposal.
Railway Over and Under Bridges:
Several decades ago, railway lines were built in and around Delhi keeping in view the then population densitites in various parts. In those days not many vehicles had to cross railway line every day. Now with incessant increase in spread of population in Delhi in areas which until a few years ago were uninhabited, development of new colonies on both sides of railway lines & explosion in vehicle population, no. of vehicle that need to cross railway lines daily, twice, in rush hours, has increased beyond all imagination. Most of the roads in Delhi are heavily congested. Particularly during office timings; vehicles run almost bumper-to-bumper. Roads in Delhi, are being developed in such a way that they skirt around the railway lines taking longer routes through an existing Railway Over Bridge (RoB) or Railway Under Bridge (RuB). Although, many flyovers on roads are being built to facilitate smooth traffic movement across Delhi and they are indeed helpful; yet they can’t meet the essential requirement of crossing a railway line. Now RoBs and RuBs are urgently required. Out of 15 flyovers constructed by PWD in Delhi till 2003, only one is RoB (at Okhla), and out of six and five flyovers completed by DDA and DTTDC respectively, none is RoB/RuB. RuBs at Tilak and Minto Bridges are good examples of the mesures taken more than 50 years ago to deal with the traffic volumes that existed then. They eased the traffic congestion to a great extent. Today Delhi is again in urgent need of many more RoBs/RuBs. Several important railway lines e.g. Western, Central and Northern railway lines cross Delhi at different sections. Human as well as vehicle population has grown all around them. Hence RoBs & RuBs are essentially required for going from one side of railway line to other side & proper traffic flow.
To facilitate construction of RoBs & RuBs, PCRA has sponsored another project on CRRI in 2003-2004 to identify places where such RoBs/RuBs are most required, feasible & cost economics thereof. CRRI shall carry out study in close association with other agencies working in this area like MCD, Indian Railways etc.
Traffic Synchronization:
In the recommendations of CRRI study, done on behalf of PCRA in 1996; traffic synchronization had been given much importance. Sequential system of synchronized traffic lights (SSTL) means that traffic lights are programmed to turn green when the traffic reaches the intersection from earlier intersections, thus allowing for continuous flow through the intersection(s). This system successfully does what would have been done; had there been "mini flyovers" at each intersection. It works far more efficiently; traffic flows continuously through all the intersections & not merely through the flyover intersection. The technology solutions that have been developed around the world for synchronization include the following:
o Installation of vehicle actuated traffic signals
o Optimization of signal timings
o Coordination on important routes.
As part of projects sponsored by PCRA, CRRI shall suggest solutions to reduce traffic congestion resulting fuel wastages & cost economics thereof. Thus location where traffic synchronization is required shall get identified. Methodology required for synchronization shall also be identified subsequently.
Reverse Counters:
The information system for traffic control plays an important role in its management. In advanced countries various high technologies at huge expense are employed to provide drivers with real time information. Such technologies are yet to be used in India. High cost is major deterrent.
Perhaps the first and simplest information system installed at Delhi with the initiative from PCRA study is the Reverse Timers at intersections which tell the drivers about balance time for which the signal would remain Red or Green. These reverse timers facilitate drivers to stop their engines at red lights, help them in crossing red lights smoothly & thus promote fuel conservation, reduce pollution & safe driving.
In 2003-04; PCRA, has sponsored on Delhi Traffic Police, installation of 50 such reverse counters at crowded traffic intersections in Delhi.
Speed Breakers:
Speed Breakers of varying sizes & styles are a normal sight on Indian roads. Most of them do not follow the required specifications i.e. Indian Road Congress (IRC) specifications. The commuter are sitting targets for fractures when vehicles pass through such speed breakers. Sudden brakes, excessively slow speed, damage to the vehicle result in fuel loss as well as unsafe travel.
According to IRC specifications, the width of a speed-breaker should be 370 cm or 12 ft 2 inches. The height of the breaker should be 10 cm. Roads should carry boards warning drivers that there are speed-breakers ahead. The speed- breakers should be visibly painted. If followed, these guidelines will help a great deal in fuel conservation & making travel safe.
In our weekly TV program “Khel Khel Mein Badlo Duniya” and radio program “Boond Boond Ki Baat” these issues were taken up during 2003-04 so as to educate people about necessity & methodology to build speed breakers correctly, if they do on their own in their respectively colonies. People at large have also been encouraged to take up such issues related to their colonies with appropriate authorities.
In our monthly Hindi Magazine ‘Sanrakshan Chetna’ the issues related to Zebra Crossing, median and sideway railings on Delhi roads were also covered for mass awareness. These aspects of road engineering also help in smooth flow of traffic.
Road Traffic and Infrastructure Management
In India about 100 MT of oil products are used annually as fuel. About 2/3rd of oil requirement of the country is met by imports at a staggering cost of about Rs. 80,000 crores. 50% of petroleum products are used in transport sector. It’s therefore absolutely essential that not a drop of oil be wasted.
CRRI Study:
With the ultimate aim of reduction of fuel loss on roads, in the year-1996, PCRA entrusted to Central Road Research Institute (CRRI) conduct of a study on the loss of petroleum products due to idling of vehicles at road intersections in Delhi. The study revealed that around three lakh litres of petrol and one lakh litres of diesel get wasted at 466 intersections in Delhi.
As a result of follow up of this study sponsored by PCRA; reverse timers at certain traffic intersections in Delhi were installed. These timers help the drivers to take decision about switching off engines at red light. Apart from this; study also recommended for adequate provisions of free left turns; synchronization of traffic signals, optimization of signal cycle timings and construction of flyovers at high volume and priority intersections. Several of these recommendation have been implemented.
This study, gave some new directions for better traffic management in Delhi. In fact, this study has been referred to several times in different meetings, seminars and workshops etc. of Govt. of India and other organizations.
Since 1996, volume of traffic has increased many times. Congestion on roads has increased many folds. Several spots have become almost dead spots for traffic, that is, once a vehicle is into it, it is difficult to predict when it will be able to travel out of it & after wasting how much of fuel. Vehicle technology has also undergone substantial change.
Hence, it is considered imperative to conduct such study afresh. In 2003-04, PCRA has sponsored two projects on CRRI to study the traffic pattern and fuel loss due to traffic jams and idling of vehicles in Delhi & in and around highly congested area of Paharganj in Delhi. Area around Paharganj is representative of many such congested spots in Delhi. CRRI has been asked to work out & suggest short term as well as long-term remedial measures to counter the problem. Before putting down final suggestions for easy traffic flow; CRRI as a part of project shall look into ongoing projects in-place e.g. by MRTC, PWD and MCD etc. so that the recommendations are in synergy with other agencies working in this direction. To achieve this synergy; PCRA called a joint meeting of MCD, DDA, CRRI, PWD, and Delhi Traffic Police in March, 2004 so as to exchange information, views & suggestions to make studies by CRRI more useful & implementable.
Transport Advisory Committee
In 2003-04 PCRA constituted an Advisory Committee on Transport Sector to review latest developments in transport sector, explore possible potential areas of fuel savings and draw out action plan for PCRA to facilitate the possible saving; The committee consists senior officials from Ministry of Surface Transport, Automobile Associations, Pollution Control Boards, Engineering colleges, Oil companies & Research Organizations. In its first meeting in Sept. 03, the issues related to Rapid Mass Transport System, Efficiency Improvement of vehicles, development of subways, flyovers, bypasses, expressways, carpooling, pollution due to vehicular emissions were discussed & action plan was worked out. This committee will help PCRA to work in synergy with other organizations.
Project on IIT, Delhi
In 2003-04; PCRA also sponsored a project on IIT, Delhi for usage of waste plastic in bitumen by emulsion formation. Emulsion of waste plastic & bitumen would result into more durable roads. This would be a cold process & thus pollution free & accident free. It would also save petroleum products & help in waste disposal.
Railway Over and Under Bridges:
Several decades ago, railway lines were built in and around Delhi keeping in view the then population densitites in various parts. In those days not many vehicles had to cross railway line every day. Now with incessant increase in spread of population in Delhi in areas which until a few years ago were uninhabited, development of new colonies on both sides of railway lines & explosion in vehicle population, no. of vehicle that need to cross railway lines daily, twice, in rush hours, has increased beyond all imagination. Most of the roads in Delhi are heavily congested. Particularly during office timings; vehicles run almost bumper-to-bumper. Roads in Delhi, are being developed in such a way that they skirt around the railway lines taking longer routes through an existing Railway Over Bridge (RoB) or Railway Under Bridge (RuB). Although, many flyovers on roads are being built to facilitate smooth traffic movement across Delhi and they are indeed helpful; yet they can’t meet the essential requirement of crossing a railway line. Now RoBs and RuBs are urgently required. Out of 15 flyovers constructed by PWD in Delhi till 2003, only one is RoB (at Okhla), and out of six and five flyovers completed by DDA and DTTDC respectively, none is RoB/RuB. RuBs at Tilak and Minto Bridges are good examples of the mesures taken more than 50 years ago to deal with the traffic volumes that existed then. They eased the traffic congestion to a great extent. Today Delhi is again in urgent need of many more RoBs/RuBs. Several important railway lines e.g. Western, Central and Northern railway lines cross Delhi at different sections. Human as well as vehicle population has grown all around them. Hence RoBs & RuBs are essentially required for going from one side of railway line to other side & proper traffic flow.
To facilitate construction of RoBs & RuBs, PCRA has sponsored another project on CRRI in 2003-2004 to identify places where such RoBs/RuBs are most required, feasible & cost economics thereof. CRRI shall carry out study in close association with other agencies working in this area like MCD, Indian Railways etc.
Traffic Synchronization:
In the recommendations of CRRI study, done on behalf of PCRA in 1996; traffic synchronization had been given much importance. Sequential system of synchronized traffic lights (SSTL) means that traffic lights are programmed to turn green when the traffic reaches the intersection from earlier intersections, thus allowing for continuous flow through the intersection(s). This system successfully does what would have been done; had there been "mini flyovers" at each intersection. It works far more efficiently; traffic flows continuously through all the intersections & not merely through the flyover intersection. The technology solutions that have been developed around the world for synchronization include the following:
o Installation of vehicle actuated traffic signals
o Optimization of signal timings
o Coordination on important routes.
As part of projects sponsored by PCRA, CRRI shall suggest solutions to reduce traffic congestion resulting fuel wastages & cost economics thereof. Thus location where traffic synchronization is required shall get identified. Methodology required for synchronization shall also be identified subsequently.
Reverse Counters:
The information system for traffic control plays an important role in its management. In advanced countries various high technologies at huge expense are employed to provide drivers with real time information. Such technologies are yet to be used in India. High cost is major deterrent.
Perhaps the first and simplest information system installed at Delhi with the initiative from PCRA study is the Reverse Timers at intersections which tell the drivers about balance time for which the signal would remain Red or Green. These reverse timers facilitate drivers to stop their engines at red lights, help them in crossing red lights smoothly & thus promote fuel conservation, reduce pollution & safe driving.
In 2003-04; PCRA, has sponsored on Delhi Traffic Police, installation of 50 such reverse counters at crowded traffic intersections in Delhi.
Speed Breakers:
Speed Breakers of varying sizes & styles are a normal sight on Indian roads. Most of them do not follow the required specifications i.e. Indian Road Congress (IRC) specifications. The commuter are sitting targets for fractures when vehicles pass through such speed breakers. Sudden brakes, excessively slow speed, damage to the vehicle result in fuel loss as well as unsafe travel.
According to IRC specifications, the width of a speed-breaker should be 370 cm or 12 ft 2 inches. The height of the breaker should be 10 cm. Roads should carry boards warning drivers that there are speed-breakers ahead. The speed- breakers should be visibly painted. If followed, these guidelines will help a great deal in fuel conservation & making travel safe.
In our weekly TV program “Khel Khel Mein Badlo Duniya” and radio program “Boond Boond Ki Baat” these issues were taken up during 2003-04 so as to educate people about necessity & methodology to build speed breakers correctly, if they do on their own in their respectively colonies. People at large have also been encouraged to take up such issues related to their colonies with appropriate authorities.
In our monthly Hindi Magazine ‘Sanrakshan Chetna’ the issues related to Zebra Crossing, median and sideway railings on Delhi roads were also covered for mass awareness. These aspects of road engineering also help in smooth flow of traffic.
Energy Auditing India
Just as an industry needs to know if it is working efficiently, if it is fully utilising its resorses without wastage -- its water and energy, its raw material, its finances, its man power -- so also a country needs to examine if its resources -- raw material, energy and water, finances and man power -- are being used with least wastage. And yes, what is the scope for reducing the wastage and conserving the resources for sustainable development.
So if we decided to ENERGY AUDIT India, how would we proceed?
This article prepared by myself and Mr Dua explores this concept, (it seems I have a slightly incomplete version on my comp... it will be completed shortly)
October 20 2004
“Energy Auditing India”
Introduction
One of the objectives of PCRA is to function as a “Think Tank” to the Govt. of India for future policies and strategies on energy efficiency, petroleum conservation & environment protection. In 2003-04, PCRA through its various brain storming sessions, assessed that just on the lines of Energy Audit in industries, there is need to carry out Energy Audit of the country on a fixed frequency – preferably once in five years coterminus with the plan period. Such a report generated one year before each plan period, shall become a part of plan document.
Energy conservation is a multifaceted activity involving both promotional & regulatory measures. The level of energy efficiency in developing countries is very low. The reasons for this are lack of technical knowledge, non-availability of energy efficient equipment / machinery and energy subsidies. Energy subsidies, particularly those encouraging energy consumption by keeping the energy prices low, result in low efficiency, environmental degradation and increased energy intensity.
As per world energy outlook, India’s Specific Energy Consumption per unit of GDP is higher by 3.7 times that of Japan, 1.4 times that of Asia and 1.5 times that of USA, indicating very high energy wastage and thus potential for substantial energy savings.
In an ideal situation, the Specific Energy Consumption measures how much energy is consumed per unit of GDP growth. In order to analyse the trends in Specific Energy Consumption, it is necessary to separate energy intensity changes into structural & behavioural changes on the one hand and technical energy efficiency changes on the other hand. The Specific Energy Consumption is closely related to economies of scale, process technology, instrumentation & control, structural changes, Govt. policies and end users behaviours. Yet, it is a universal scale for for benchmarking and setting energy efficiency targets.
As can be seen from the table given below, in India, the industrial sector consumes 50% of the total commercial energy but contributes only 25% to the country’s GDP growth. Currently, this sector consumes more than 100 MTOE (million tones of oil equivalent), with a growth rate of about 6% per anum. There is need; therefore, to bring about substantial improvements in the efficiency of energy use in the industrial sector, particularly with the Indian economy opening up to the
global markets. This would enable the Indian industry to compete effectively in the global market and also ensure higher profits. Based on various analyses, a saving potential of around 20% has been identified in the industrial sector without significant investment.
Taking clue from Energy Audit of an Industry
An industrial energy audit helps in energy cost optimisation, pollution control, safety aspects and suggest methods to improve the operating & maintenance practices of the system. It prepares for coping up with the situation of variation in energy cost, energy availability, reliability of energy supply, decision on appropriate energy mix, decision on using improved energy conservation equipments, instrumentations and technology. The energy audit provides necessary information base for overall energy conservation programmes and is a vital link in the entire energy management chain. Energy management in turn can be construed as the process of guiding & controlling energy users so as to yield maximum possible output per unit of energy.
To meet the stated objective of Energy Audit in a holistic manner, the overall process of an industrial energy audit can be placed under three broad categories:
1. Current plant performance
2. Process integration
3. Retraining of manpower
1. Current plant performance
For Energy Auditing of any industrial unit, the 1st step in this direction is sound knowledge of the current performance of major operating departments, process parameters and key equipments. Using this information, technical analysis is performed to check the present efficiency of energy use at each stage and to identify areas where technical improvement might be made. A good understanding of the parameters affecting the manufacturing process is essential. The cost involved for achieving enhanced performance is determined and financial analysis performed to identify cost effective measures.
This involves detailed study of the following function :
Ų Inventory Control
Ų Process details
Ų Plant & machinery
Ų Product range & product quality
Ų Cost & quality of various energy inputs.
Ų Assessing the present energy consumption pattern
Ų Relating energy inputs & production cost
Ų Identifying potential areas of energy losses.
Ų Highlighting wastages in major areas
Ų Fixing of energy savings potential and prioritisation targets
2. Process integration
Process integration always results in energy savings. Process integration is a management /design tool to optimise energy resources in process plant employing conventional technologies. Process intensification involves making fundamental changes to processing technologies to yield improved product quality, throughput and energy efficiency.
Process integration is an established technology for continuous processes in the chemical industry. Pinch analysis is the most common process integration tool. It involves the use of heat exchanger networks to optimise heat energy by linking hot and cold process streams in the most thermodynamically advantageous way. Other tools take into account all energy flows (eg potential energy, pressure and momentum) using a technique known as exergy analysis. Developments are still needed to improve the analysis tools as well as technologies to recover the waste heat. One of the important areas is batch process integration..
3. Retraining of manpower: -
As industries are adopting advanced equipment and process technologies for competitiveness, the available manpower also needs to be imparted new knowledge and skills to operate such technologies, for which retraining is very essential. Retraining of manpower can be done through :
Ų Qualification improvement programmes
Ų Vocational courses/ distance education
Ų Workshops
Ų Training at OEM’s works.
Energy Auditing the Country
For Energy auditing of the county, sector specific approaches covering studies on energy conservation pattern and fixing energy saving potential of major industries like Aluminium, Steel, Textiles, Cement, paper, Fertilizers, petroleum and chemical etc. will be required as a first step.
Process Integration
In the context of “Energy Auditing of the Country” the process integration means synergistic role and action of various actors, which include: -
Ų Government – National & State level
Ų Energy Efficiency Agencies
Ų Equipment manufacturers
Ų Non Government Organisations (NGOs)
Ų Ministries / Departments like
o Planning Commission
o HRD Ministry
o State Technical Education Boards
o Department of Science & Technology
o Ministry of Power
o State Electricity Boards etc.
The other issues concerning, process integration which require action oriented approach are :-
Ų Integrated resources planning
Ų Demand side management
Ų Policy guidelines and concept
Retraining Manpower
For the success of ‘Energy Auditing India’ programme, involvement of people at the grassroots level will be important. This involvement can be ensured by motivation, education and legal liability for compliance. In this regard, the approaches can be as follows.
Ų Vocational training for skill building
Ų Mass education/awareness campaigns on behavioural and attitudinal changes towards energy and environment
Ų Statutory measures to curb inefficient use of energy and illegal practices like fuel adulteration and environmental protection
i) Vocational training for skill building and skill updation
Unfortunately, in India we have excess of qualified engineers but scarcity of competent skilled persons like plumbers, electricians, carpenters etc. Inspite of Government efforts to open Industrial Technical Institutes (ITIs) in every district HQ and other smaller towns, we have not been able to attract sufficient number of candidates to take advantage of these courses. The simple reason for lack of interest in acquiring ITI qualification is that the poor candidates, belonging to a particular category lack the means and basic qualification to enter these courses. For this category, it is much easier to learn the traditional skills from their elders, where no basic qualification is required. Also there is no opportunity for this category to update their skill /knowledge due to lack of basic qualification, resources and learning forums.
PCRA has prepared 60 films on vocational training, where persons with such background can update their knowledge to become more competitive. The list of some of the vocational films, produced by PCRA is given below:-
Ų Carpentry
Ų Domestic Wiring
Ų Masonry
Ų Lathe Machine
Ų Tractor Maintenance
Ų Plumbing
Ų Welding
Ų AC Repair
Ų Motor winding
ii) Behavioural and attitudinal changes through mass media
One of the objectives of PCRA is “To create awareness among masses about the importance, benefits and methods of conserving petroleum products and environment protection by enhancing information sharing and mass awareness.
A number of initiative have been taken by PCRA to bring in attitudinal changes amongst the masses for efficient utilisation of energy.
Ų An infotainment radio programme “Boond Boond Ki Baat” is being aired on every Monday at 9.30 am by AIR FM Gold to spread awareness on the issues concerning energy efficiency & environment protection. The important topics covered so far are
o Energy Act
o Coal Bed Methane
o Green House Gases
o Bio-fuels
o Solid waste management
o CNG
o Fuel cells
o Auto fuel policy and energy efficient lighting system etc.
Ų A very interesting edutainment programme “Khel Khel Mein Badlo Duniya” is being broadcasted on Doordarshan. The programme has been produced by PCRA and DAVP. The main topics covered in the various episodes of this programme are: -
· Wind Energy
· Solar Energy
· Bio-gas
· Vermiculture
· Transportation of petroleum products
· Vehicle population in metros
· Metro Rail
· Energy saving potential in different industries etc.
Ų Regular Press Advertisements are being released by PCRA to achieve maximum reach to the households of the country. Sectoral advertisements on “Oil Conservation” for Transport, Industry, Agriculture and Domestic sectors were released in the leading national/ regional newspapers / magazines all over the country.
Ų PCRA has associated itself with “Lifeline Foundation”, an NGO of Gujrat by sponsoring their unique project, “The Highway Rescue Project” to evacuate highway accident victims within one hour of a distress call. PCRA as a sponsor to this project, displayed its conservation messages on these boards as well as stickers during last year , thereby spreading mass awareness on conservation while associating itself with this noble cause.
Ų Films and TV spots are considered to be one of the most effective communicating media for PCRA’s Education Campaign Programmes Over the years, PCRA has developed several educational films and TV spots on the theme of oil conservation & environment protection in various languages that are being screened regularly during various charted activities of PCRA and sponsored in various TV channels.
Ų Large amount of literature giving useful tips for efficient utilization of energy and petroleum products in various sectors of economy is being printed and distributed by PCRA to educate the masses about the importance of efficient utilisation of energy.
iii) Statutory measures to curb inefficient use of energy ,fuel adulteration & environment protection
In addition to persuasive measures it is necessary to introduce statutory measures to curb inefficient utilization of energy. Energy conservation Act 2001 , which makes Energy Audit
mandatory for certain types of industries is one step in this direction. As has already been stated, energy intensity in our country remains very high in comparison to developed countries. Again it is not true that we have not improved our Energy efficiency at all. The good news is that the Indian consumer has progressively become more efficient in consuming the available energy supply. As per the report from the Planning Commission, Energy intensity of our growth has reduced from 1.55 to 0.74 i.e reduction of 50% during the last three decades. To be globally completive, a demand/ need driven programme is more likely to succeed than a supply driven prograame based on subsidies. Lot is required to be done to improve energy efficiency in the industrial sector.
Fuel adulteration is another area of concern in our country. Although Hon’ble Supreme Court of India has given direction to setup 2 fuel testing laboratories to check fuel adulteration in NCT & NCR, the lack of will in the enforcement agencies is coming in the way of checking fuel adulteration, which results in environment pollution. Strict measures are necessary to be undertaken to check the menace of adulteration.
Energy Supply Scenario –2002-2003
Source Available Quantity
· Coal –370 MMT a. Used for Electricity generation- 285 MMTb. Used directly by industry – MMT
· Electricity –107973 MW a. Thermal- 76607 MWb. Hydro- 26910 MWc. Nuclear –2720 MW
· Petroleum –112 MMT
· Natural gas –97 MM 3
· NCES – MW a. Biomass – MWb. Solar – MWc. Wind – MWd. Tidal - MW
· c.
· d.
·
·
· e.
TABLE- 1
TABLE –2
Sector specific, % energy consumption Vs % contribution to GDP
Sector % Energy Consumption % Contribution to GDP
Agriculture, Forestry & Fishing 5.0 23
Industry 49 25
Service - 50
Training & consultancy - -
So if we decided to ENERGY AUDIT India, how would we proceed?
This article prepared by myself and Mr Dua explores this concept, (it seems I have a slightly incomplete version on my comp... it will be completed shortly)
October 20 2004
“Energy Auditing India”
Introduction
One of the objectives of PCRA is to function as a “Think Tank” to the Govt. of India for future policies and strategies on energy efficiency, petroleum conservation & environment protection. In 2003-04, PCRA through its various brain storming sessions, assessed that just on the lines of Energy Audit in industries, there is need to carry out Energy Audit of the country on a fixed frequency – preferably once in five years coterminus with the plan period. Such a report generated one year before each plan period, shall become a part of plan document.
Energy conservation is a multifaceted activity involving both promotional & regulatory measures. The level of energy efficiency in developing countries is very low. The reasons for this are lack of technical knowledge, non-availability of energy efficient equipment / machinery and energy subsidies. Energy subsidies, particularly those encouraging energy consumption by keeping the energy prices low, result in low efficiency, environmental degradation and increased energy intensity.
As per world energy outlook, India’s Specific Energy Consumption per unit of GDP is higher by 3.7 times that of Japan, 1.4 times that of Asia and 1.5 times that of USA, indicating very high energy wastage and thus potential for substantial energy savings.
In an ideal situation, the Specific Energy Consumption measures how much energy is consumed per unit of GDP growth. In order to analyse the trends in Specific Energy Consumption, it is necessary to separate energy intensity changes into structural & behavioural changes on the one hand and technical energy efficiency changes on the other hand. The Specific Energy Consumption is closely related to economies of scale, process technology, instrumentation & control, structural changes, Govt. policies and end users behaviours. Yet, it is a universal scale for for benchmarking and setting energy efficiency targets.
As can be seen from the table given below, in India, the industrial sector consumes 50% of the total commercial energy but contributes only 25% to the country’s GDP growth. Currently, this sector consumes more than 100 MTOE (million tones of oil equivalent), with a growth rate of about 6% per anum. There is need; therefore, to bring about substantial improvements in the efficiency of energy use in the industrial sector, particularly with the Indian economy opening up to the
global markets. This would enable the Indian industry to compete effectively in the global market and also ensure higher profits. Based on various analyses, a saving potential of around 20% has been identified in the industrial sector without significant investment.
Taking clue from Energy Audit of an Industry
An industrial energy audit helps in energy cost optimisation, pollution control, safety aspects and suggest methods to improve the operating & maintenance practices of the system. It prepares for coping up with the situation of variation in energy cost, energy availability, reliability of energy supply, decision on appropriate energy mix, decision on using improved energy conservation equipments, instrumentations and technology. The energy audit provides necessary information base for overall energy conservation programmes and is a vital link in the entire energy management chain. Energy management in turn can be construed as the process of guiding & controlling energy users so as to yield maximum possible output per unit of energy.
To meet the stated objective of Energy Audit in a holistic manner, the overall process of an industrial energy audit can be placed under three broad categories:
1. Current plant performance
2. Process integration
3. Retraining of manpower
1. Current plant performance
For Energy Auditing of any industrial unit, the 1st step in this direction is sound knowledge of the current performance of major operating departments, process parameters and key equipments. Using this information, technical analysis is performed to check the present efficiency of energy use at each stage and to identify areas where technical improvement might be made. A good understanding of the parameters affecting the manufacturing process is essential. The cost involved for achieving enhanced performance is determined and financial analysis performed to identify cost effective measures.
This involves detailed study of the following function :
Ų Inventory Control
Ų Process details
Ų Plant & machinery
Ų Product range & product quality
Ų Cost & quality of various energy inputs.
Ų Assessing the present energy consumption pattern
Ų Relating energy inputs & production cost
Ų Identifying potential areas of energy losses.
Ų Highlighting wastages in major areas
Ų Fixing of energy savings potential and prioritisation targets
2. Process integration
Process integration always results in energy savings. Process integration is a management /design tool to optimise energy resources in process plant employing conventional technologies. Process intensification involves making fundamental changes to processing technologies to yield improved product quality, throughput and energy efficiency.
Process integration is an established technology for continuous processes in the chemical industry. Pinch analysis is the most common process integration tool. It involves the use of heat exchanger networks to optimise heat energy by linking hot and cold process streams in the most thermodynamically advantageous way. Other tools take into account all energy flows (eg potential energy, pressure and momentum) using a technique known as exergy analysis. Developments are still needed to improve the analysis tools as well as technologies to recover the waste heat. One of the important areas is batch process integration..
3. Retraining of manpower: -
As industries are adopting advanced equipment and process technologies for competitiveness, the available manpower also needs to be imparted new knowledge and skills to operate such technologies, for which retraining is very essential. Retraining of manpower can be done through :
Ų Qualification improvement programmes
Ų Vocational courses/ distance education
Ų Workshops
Ų Training at OEM’s works.
Energy Auditing the Country
For Energy auditing of the county, sector specific approaches covering studies on energy conservation pattern and fixing energy saving potential of major industries like Aluminium, Steel, Textiles, Cement, paper, Fertilizers, petroleum and chemical etc. will be required as a first step.
Process Integration
In the context of “Energy Auditing of the Country” the process integration means synergistic role and action of various actors, which include: -
Ų Government – National & State level
Ų Energy Efficiency Agencies
Ų Equipment manufacturers
Ų Non Government Organisations (NGOs)
Ų Ministries / Departments like
o Planning Commission
o HRD Ministry
o State Technical Education Boards
o Department of Science & Technology
o Ministry of Power
o State Electricity Boards etc.
The other issues concerning, process integration which require action oriented approach are :-
Ų Integrated resources planning
Ų Demand side management
Ų Policy guidelines and concept
Retraining Manpower
For the success of ‘Energy Auditing India’ programme, involvement of people at the grassroots level will be important. This involvement can be ensured by motivation, education and legal liability for compliance. In this regard, the approaches can be as follows.
Ų Vocational training for skill building
Ų Mass education/awareness campaigns on behavioural and attitudinal changes towards energy and environment
Ų Statutory measures to curb inefficient use of energy and illegal practices like fuel adulteration and environmental protection
i) Vocational training for skill building and skill updation
Unfortunately, in India we have excess of qualified engineers but scarcity of competent skilled persons like plumbers, electricians, carpenters etc. Inspite of Government efforts to open Industrial Technical Institutes (ITIs) in every district HQ and other smaller towns, we have not been able to attract sufficient number of candidates to take advantage of these courses. The simple reason for lack of interest in acquiring ITI qualification is that the poor candidates, belonging to a particular category lack the means and basic qualification to enter these courses. For this category, it is much easier to learn the traditional skills from their elders, where no basic qualification is required. Also there is no opportunity for this category to update their skill /knowledge due to lack of basic qualification, resources and learning forums.
PCRA has prepared 60 films on vocational training, where persons with such background can update their knowledge to become more competitive. The list of some of the vocational films, produced by PCRA is given below:-
Ų Carpentry
Ų Domestic Wiring
Ų Masonry
Ų Lathe Machine
Ų Tractor Maintenance
Ų Plumbing
Ų Welding
Ų AC Repair
Ų Motor winding
ii) Behavioural and attitudinal changes through mass media
One of the objectives of PCRA is “To create awareness among masses about the importance, benefits and methods of conserving petroleum products and environment protection by enhancing information sharing and mass awareness.
A number of initiative have been taken by PCRA to bring in attitudinal changes amongst the masses for efficient utilisation of energy.
Ų An infotainment radio programme “Boond Boond Ki Baat” is being aired on every Monday at 9.30 am by AIR FM Gold to spread awareness on the issues concerning energy efficiency & environment protection. The important topics covered so far are
o Energy Act
o Coal Bed Methane
o Green House Gases
o Bio-fuels
o Solid waste management
o CNG
o Fuel cells
o Auto fuel policy and energy efficient lighting system etc.
Ų A very interesting edutainment programme “Khel Khel Mein Badlo Duniya” is being broadcasted on Doordarshan. The programme has been produced by PCRA and DAVP. The main topics covered in the various episodes of this programme are: -
· Wind Energy
· Solar Energy
· Bio-gas
· Vermiculture
· Transportation of petroleum products
· Vehicle population in metros
· Metro Rail
· Energy saving potential in different industries etc.
Ų Regular Press Advertisements are being released by PCRA to achieve maximum reach to the households of the country. Sectoral advertisements on “Oil Conservation” for Transport, Industry, Agriculture and Domestic sectors were released in the leading national/ regional newspapers / magazines all over the country.
Ų PCRA has associated itself with “Lifeline Foundation”, an NGO of Gujrat by sponsoring their unique project, “The Highway Rescue Project” to evacuate highway accident victims within one hour of a distress call. PCRA as a sponsor to this project, displayed its conservation messages on these boards as well as stickers during last year , thereby spreading mass awareness on conservation while associating itself with this noble cause.
Ų Films and TV spots are considered to be one of the most effective communicating media for PCRA’s Education Campaign Programmes Over the years, PCRA has developed several educational films and TV spots on the theme of oil conservation & environment protection in various languages that are being screened regularly during various charted activities of PCRA and sponsored in various TV channels.
Ų Large amount of literature giving useful tips for efficient utilization of energy and petroleum products in various sectors of economy is being printed and distributed by PCRA to educate the masses about the importance of efficient utilisation of energy.
iii) Statutory measures to curb inefficient use of energy ,fuel adulteration & environment protection
In addition to persuasive measures it is necessary to introduce statutory measures to curb inefficient utilization of energy. Energy conservation Act 2001 , which makes Energy Audit
mandatory for certain types of industries is one step in this direction. As has already been stated, energy intensity in our country remains very high in comparison to developed countries. Again it is not true that we have not improved our Energy efficiency at all. The good news is that the Indian consumer has progressively become more efficient in consuming the available energy supply. As per the report from the Planning Commission, Energy intensity of our growth has reduced from 1.55 to 0.74 i.e reduction of 50% during the last three decades. To be globally completive, a demand/ need driven programme is more likely to succeed than a supply driven prograame based on subsidies. Lot is required to be done to improve energy efficiency in the industrial sector.
Fuel adulteration is another area of concern in our country. Although Hon’ble Supreme Court of India has given direction to setup 2 fuel testing laboratories to check fuel adulteration in NCT & NCR, the lack of will in the enforcement agencies is coming in the way of checking fuel adulteration, which results in environment pollution. Strict measures are necessary to be undertaken to check the menace of adulteration.
Energy Supply Scenario –2002-2003
Source Available Quantity
· Coal –370 MMT a. Used for Electricity generation- 285 MMTb. Used directly by industry – MMT
· Electricity –107973 MW a. Thermal- 76607 MWb. Hydro- 26910 MWc. Nuclear –2720 MW
· Petroleum –112 MMT
· Natural gas –97 MM 3
· NCES – MW a. Biomass – MWb. Solar – MWc. Wind – MWd. Tidal - MW
· c.
· d.
·
·
· e.
TABLE- 1
TABLE –2
Sector specific, % energy consumption Vs % contribution to GDP
Sector % Energy Consumption % Contribution to GDP
Agriculture, Forestry & Fishing 5.0 23
Industry 49 25
Service - 50
Training & consultancy - -
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